Key ESG Trends and Strategic Priorities for 2025
In 2025, global uncertainty in the ESG landscape has intensified; while regulatory rollbacks have occurred in the United States, certain reporting obligations have been postponed in the European Union. In this context, it is critical for companies to shape their ESG strategies within a framework that emphasizes regulatory compliance, risk mitigation, and alignment with long-term corporate
Trump Administration’s Action Against Climate Superfund Laws and Climate Deception Claims
The Trump Administration has initiated a broad legal campaign against state-level legislative and judicial efforts aimed at combating climate change. Four separate lawsuits—targeting the enacted Climate Superfund Acts in New York and Vermont, and the planned climate-related litigation in Hawaii and Michigan—are grounded in the assertion that these state measures exceed constitutional authority, conflict with federal
The United States’ DEI Policy and Its Impact on Private Companies
In 2025, with President Donald Trump’s return to office, significant policy shifts occurred in the United States regarding Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives. Executive Orders signed by President Trump mandated the termination of DEI programs within federal agencies and among federal contractors. Additionally, audits were launched to investigate whether private companies maintaining DEI initiatives were
New Threshold Criteria for Determining Companies Subject to Independent Audit for the Year 2025
By Presidential Decree No. 9774, published in the Official Gazette dated 1 May 2025, the threshold criteria to be used in determining companies subject to independent audit have been updated and entered into force to be applicable as of the 2025 fiscal period. Pursuant to Article 397 of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, capital companies
Trump Issues An Order to Stop State Laws Fining Oil Companies for Greenhouse Gas Emissions
President Trump, through a new executive order titled “Protecting American Energy from State Overreach,” aims to prevent states from imposing sanctions on fossil fuel companies for their greenhouse gas emissions. The order instructing the Department of Justice to take legal action against these state-level regulations has reignited the long-standing debate over the constitutional division of regulatory
New York Proposes Mandatory GHG Reporting for Large Emitting Sectors
The State of New York has taken a significant step in combating climate change by issuing a draft regulation that introduces a greenhouse gas reporting obligation for major emission sectors. Scheduled to enter into force in 2027, this regulation aims to establish the data infrastructure for the state’s long-term “cap-and-invest” emissions trading system and to enhance
Amendments to the Communiqué on Decree No. 32 on the Protection of the Value of the Turkish Currency
According to the Communique No. 2025-32/72 amending the Communique on the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency published in the Official Gazette dated March 6, 2025, it is now possible for individuals residing in Türkiye to agree on the contract price and other payment obligations arising from contracts, other than vehicle sales contracts, in foreign
European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act
Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present both opportunities and challenges for societies worldwide. In response, the European Union has adopted the world's first comprehensive regulation on AI, the Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689), to ensure AI development and deployment align with ethical standards, security concerns, and fundamental rights. This legislation seeks to foster innovation
Digitalization in Sustainability Transformation: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on ESG Strategies
The global economic system is increasingly adopting environmental, social, and governance (ESG)-focused policies to achieve sustainable development goals. Companies, investors, and regulatory authorities are turning to innovative technologies to enhance sustainability performance, manage operational risks, and create long-term value. In this context, next-generation digital technologies, including big data analytics, automation, and smart algorithms, play a crucial
Artificial Intelligence and Law: Ethical and Regulatory Framework
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subject of multifaceted debates in terms of law, ethics, and regulatory frameworks. As this rapidly advancing technology continues to evolve, it has significant impacts on legal systems and fundamental human rights. The place of AI in the realms of law, ethics, and regulation necessitates a broad examination that encompasses a variety